Albino
/ælˈbaɪnoʊ/
Definition
Albino describes plant tissue or seedlings that lack chlorophyll, the green pigment needed for photosynthesis. This biological condition makes affected parts white or very pale, unlike variegated tissue, which still contains some green cells. In plants, completely albino growth usually survives only briefly unless supported by green tissue, because it cannot make enough sugars from light on its own.
Botanical Significance
- Chlorophyll loss and survival: Without chlorophyll, photosynthesis cannot support normal growth. In seed-grown plants, albino seedlings usually die after stored food in the seed is used up.
- Seen in variegated chimeras: White sectors in variegated leaves can be albino tissue. These areas survive only because adjacent green tissue supplies sugars made by photosynthesis.
- Genetic and developmental causes: This trait can result from mutations that block chlorophyll formation or chloroplast development. It may appear in whole seedlings, shoots, or isolated leaf sections.
- Horticultural limits: A fully albino shoot is not a strong long-term grower on its own. Gardeners usually keep it only when it remains attached to green tissue or is supported by grafting.
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