Fungus
/ˈfʌŋɡəs/
Definition
Fungus refers to an organism in the kingdom Fungi, distinct from plants because it does not make food by photosynthesis. In plant contexts, fungi grow on living or dead organic material and reproduce by spores. Some cause plant diseases such as mildew, rust, or root rot, while others help break down debris or form beneficial root partnerships called mycorrhizae, which can improve water and nutrient uptake.
Effects on Plants
- Plant disease source: A fungus can infect roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or fruit, leading to rot, spots, cankers, wilting, or mildew. Damage often increases when plant surfaces stay wet and air movement is poor.
- Helpful root partnerships: Some types form mycorrhizae, a close association with roots that can improve water and nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus. In return, the plant supplies sugars made through photosynthesis.
- Decomposition in soil: Many live in soil or mulch and break down dead plant material into simpler compounds. This recycling helps return nutrients to the root zone and supports soil structure.
- Clues for diagnosis: Growth on leaves or stems may appear as powdery, fuzzy, or threadlike patches, but symptoms can also occur inside plant tissue. Correct identification matters because different diseases spread and are managed differently.
Related Terms
Mildew
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Leaf spot
Leaf spot refers to a plant disease symptom in which discrete dead or discolored patches form on leaves. The spots are…
Sooty mold
Sooty mold refers to a dark, soot-like coating of fungi that grows on sugary honeydew left by sap-feeding insects such…
Mycorrhiza
Mycorrhiza refers to a symbiotic association between certain fungi and plant roots. In this relationship, fungal…
Plant pathology
Plant pathology is the branch of plant science that studies plant diseases, including their causes, development…