Pollination
/ˌpɑləˈneɪʃən/
Definition
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower, the anther, to the female part, the stigma, of the same flower or another flower of the same species. It is a biological process in seed plants that allows fertilization to occur afterward. Wind, water, insects, birds, bats, or human hand pollination may move the pollen.
Role in Plant Biology
- Link to seed and fruit set: After pollination, many flowering plants can begin fertilization, which may lead to seed development and often triggers fruit growth. Poor pollination can reduce fruit size, seed number, or yield.
- Different vectors matter: Plants rely on wind, water, or animals such as bees, moths, birds, and bats to move pollen. Flower shape, scent, color, and pollen traits often reflect the main vector involved.
- Selfing versus cross transfer: Some species can use their own pollen, while others need pollen from a different individual of the same species. This difference affects genetic diversity and helps explain why some plants set seed only with compatible partners nearby.
- Practical value in gardens and crops: In vegetable beds, orchards, and seed saving, successful pollination influences harvest quality and seed production. Gardeners often support it by growing pollinator-friendly plants and avoiding pesticide use during peak bloom.
Related Terms
Pollen
Pollen is a fine, powdery substance made in the anthers of seed plants. It consists of tiny grains that carry the male…
Stigma
Stigma is the pollen-receptive tip or surface of a flower’s pistil, the female reproductive structure. It is usually…
Stamen
Stamen refers to the male reproductive structure of a flower. It usually consists of a filament, the stalk, and an…
Pistil
Pistil refers to the female reproductive structure of a flower. It consists of one carpel or several fused carpels and…
Ovule
Ovule is the seed-producing structure inside a flower’s ovary, or on the scales of cones in gymnosperms. It contains…