Zygote
/ˈzaɪˌɡoʊt/
Definition
Zygote refers to the single diploid cell formed when two haploid sex cells fuse during fertilization in plants. In flowering plants, it forms inside the ovule after one sperm cell joins the egg cell. This cell contains a full set of chromosomes from both parents and is the first stage of the new sporophyte, later developing into the embryo within the seed.
Role in Plant Biology
- Beginning of the sporophyte generation: In seed plants and ferns, zygote is the first cell of the new sporophyte, the plant stage that later forms roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive structures.
- Early polarity and embryo patterning: Its first divisions help establish the body plan of the embryo, including the main axis and the tissues that will develop into the young plant.
- Protected within reproductive tissues: In flowering plants, zygote develops inside the ovule after fertilization, where surrounding tissues support embryo formation and later become part of the seed.
- Source of genetic recombination: Because it forms after the fusion of two gametes, zygote carries a new genetic combination that contributes to variation in seedlings and plant breeding outcomes.
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