Nematode
/ˈniːməˌtoʊd/
Definition
Nematode refers to a microscopic, unsegmented roundworm that lives in soil, water, or plant tissue. In gardening and plant science, the term often means species that feed on roots, stems, leaves, or bulbs using a needle-like mouthpart to pierce cells and suck out contents. Some cause galls, lesions, stunting, or poor vigor, while others are free-living and do not harm plants.
Effects on Plants
- Root feeding damage: Some species pierce root cells and drain their contents, which reduces water and nutrient uptake. Plants may then look stunted, pale, or wilted even when soil moisture seems adequate.
- Galls and root lesions: Certain kinds cause swollen knots on roots, while others leave small dead areas called lesions. These injuries limit root function and can make transplant establishment slower and less reliable.
- Disease interactions: Feeding wounds can help soilborne fungi and bacteria enter roots more easily. As a result, plant decline may reflect both the nematode problem and secondary root diseases.
- Management relevance: Accurate diagnosis often needs root inspection or a lab soil test, because aboveground symptoms are not unique. Crop rotation, resistant varieties, and sanitation are common tools used to reduce pressure over time.
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