Nitrogen
/ˈnaɪtrədʒən/
Definition
Nitrogen is a chemical element and essential plant nutrient, classified as a primary macronutrient because plants need it in relatively large amounts. It is a key part of chlorophyll, amino acids, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, so it supports leaf and stem growth and green color. Plants usually absorb it from soil mainly as nitrate or ammonium, which distinguishes it from nutrients taken up in smaller amounts.
Function in Plants
- Leaf and stem building: Nitrogen is a major part of amino acids and proteins, so it directly supports new leaves, stems, and overall vegetative growth.
- Photosynthesis support: It is also a key component of chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light, which is why low levels often lead to pale or yellowing older leaves.
- Movement inside the plant: Because it is mobile in many plants, shortages usually show first on older foliage as the plant shifts supplies to younger growing tissue.
- Garden fertilizing balance: In cultivation, high-nitrogen fertilizers can speed leafy growth, but too much may reduce flowering or make growth soft and more prone to stress.
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